True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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All organisms require energy to carry out life processes.
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2.
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Some of the energy in sunlight is captured and used to make inorganic
compounds.
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3.
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Energy moves through food chains from heterotrophs to autotrophs.
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4.
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Autotrophs make their own organic molecules by using energy from inorganic
materials or sunlight.
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5.
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Most plants are heterotrophic.
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6.
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ATP is a nucleotide with two carbohydrate groups.
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7.
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In ATP, three phosphate groups branch from a five-carbon sugar, ribose.
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8.
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The most common method of carbon dioxide fixation is the electron transport
chain.
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9.
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Glycolysis is carried out in the cytoplasm of cells.
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10.
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Carbon dioxide production by yeast, which is used in the rising of bread and the
carbonation of some beverages, takes place under aerobic conditions.
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11.
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Cellular respiration produces more ATP molecules than fermentation does.
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12.
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The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule that enters
glycolysis depends on the presence of carbon dioxide.
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13.
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After the replication of a cell’s chromatids, there are twice as many
centromeres as there are chromosomes.
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14.
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After cell division, each new cell will contain the same genetic information as
the original cell.
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15.
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A somatic or body cell contains a haploid number of chromosomes.
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16.
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Down syndrome occurs as a result of nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during cell
division.
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17.
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It is possible that a fragment of DNA may become detached from a chromosome and
then reattach in the reverse orientation, resulting in a mutation called inversion.
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18.
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Trisomy is the addition or removal of a single nitrogen-containing base.
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19.
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Nondisjunction results from the failure of replicated chromosomes to separate
during cell division.
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20.
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After mitosis and cytokinesis, each new cell has a complete set of the parent
cells’ chromosomes.
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21.
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Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
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22.
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During telophase, a nuclear envelope usually surrounds each new set of
chromosomes.
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23.
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In plant cells, cytokinesis results in the formation of a cell plate in the
center of a dividing cell.
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24.
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Animal cells form cell walls on either side of the cell plate during
cytokinesis.
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25.
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During cytokinesis in plant cells, the cell is pinched in half by a belt of
protein threads.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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26.
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ATP is called a cell’s “energy currency” because
a. | ATP catalyzes all metabolic reactions. | b. | ATP allows one organelle to be exchanged for
another between cells. | c. | glucose is made of ATP. | d. | most of the energy
that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP. |
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27.
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When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule,
a. | a substantial amount of energy is released. | b. | an enzyme is
formed. | c. | energy is stored. | d. | activation energy is
increased. |
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28.
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Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of
a. | cellular respiration. | c. | photosynthesis. | b. | fermentation. | d. | glycolysis. |
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29.
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The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is
a. | nitrogen. | c. | water. | b. | carbon dioxide. | d. | oxygen. |
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30.
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When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy
level,
a. | they become a photon of light. | b. | they form a glucose bond. | c. | they enter an
electron transport chain. | d. | carotenoids are converted to
chlorophyll. |
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31.
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photosynthesis : oxygen ::
a. | oxygen : carbon dioxide | c. | cellular respiration :
oxygen | b. | cellular respiration : carbon dioxide | d. | cellular respiration :
enzymes |
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32.
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The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of carbohydrate molecules
comes from
a. | ATP only. | c. | ATP and NADH. | b. | the Krebs cycle. | d. | carbon dioxide. |
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33.
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During the third stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from
a. | ADP. | b. | glucose. | c. | carbon atoms from
carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from glucose. | d. | carbon atoms from
carbon dioxide in the air and hydrogen atoms from NADPH. |
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34.
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As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis
a. | increases indefinitely. | b. | decreases indefinitely. | c. | increases until the
light saturation point is reached. | d. | decreases until the light saturation point is
reached. |
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35.
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Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur
a. | more quickly. | c. | at a constant rate. | b. | more slowly. | d. | None of the
above |
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36.
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Refer to the illustration above. Taken together, these graphs demonstrate
that
a. | photosynthesis is independent of environmental influences. | b. | increases in light
intensity cause increases in temperature. | c. | as the rate of photosynthesis increases, the
temperature of a plant eventually decreases. | d. | the rate of photosynthesis is affected by
changes in the environment. |
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37.
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Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?
a. | electron transport | c. | Krebs cycle | b. | glycolysis | d. | Calvin cycle |
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38.
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Acetyl-CoA
a. | is formed from the breakdown of pyruvate. | b. | enters the Krebs
cycle. | c. | combines with a four-carbon compound. | d. | All of the
above |
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39.
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After proton pumps in mitochondria have depleted electrons of their energy
during ATP production,
a. | the electrons are used in the formation of water. | b. | the electrons
carried are used in the formation of ethyl alcohol. | c. | the electrons build up inside the mitochondria
and diffuse back to a thylakoid. | d. | None of the
above |
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The questions below refer to the following
balanced chemical equation.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P ® 6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A
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40.
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Refer to the equation above. The process summarized by the equation begins in
the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the
a. | cytoplasm. | c. | endoplasmic reticulum. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | cell membrane. |
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41.
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Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle?
a. | CO2 | c. | NADH | b. | FADH2 | d. | NADPH |
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42.
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Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue under
a. | anaerobic conditions. | c. | photosynthetic conditions. | b. | aerobic
conditions. | d. | None of the
above |
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43.
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Binary fission
a. | occurs when two cells collide with each other. | b. | produces excess
energy. | c. | creates new species. | d. | is the process by which bacteria
reproduce. |
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44.
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When a molecule of DNA is being used to direct a cell’s activities,
a. | areas containing specific active genes are extended. | b. | the areas of the
molecule containing active genes become shorter. | c. | the entire DNA molecule becomes tightly
coiled. | d. | the molecule becomes a rod-shaped structure with two
chromatids. |
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45.
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female : XX ::
a. | female : gametes | c. | male : YY | b. | female : eggs | d. | male : XY |
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46.
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How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid
number of 8?
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47.
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A student can study a karyotype to learn about the
a. | cell cycle. | b. | genes that are present in a particular strand
of DNA. | c. | medical history of an individual. | d. | number and structure of the chromosomes in a
somatic cell. |
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48.
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The synthesis (S) phase is characterized by
a. | DNA replication. | b. | cell division. | c. | replication of
mitochondria and other organelles. | d. | the division of
cytoplasm. |
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49.
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cell growth : G1 ::
a. | mitosis : C | c. | mitochondria replication : S | b. | mitosis :
meiosis | d. | DNA copying :
S |
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50.
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metaphase : prophase ::
a. | G1 : M | c. | M : C | b. | G2 : S | d. | autotroph :
producer |
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