True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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Growing a large number of different cells from one cell is known as
cloning.
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2.
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Manipulating genes for practical purposes is called genetic engineering.
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3.
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Gene cloning is an efficient way to produce many copies of a specific DNA
sequence.
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4.
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Scientists have used genetic engineering to produce bacteria capable of
synthesizing human proteins.
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5.
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Gene cloning is an efficient means of producing large numbers of different
genes.
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6.
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In bacteria, a circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the main
chromosome is called a plasmid.
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7.
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In the practice of genetic engineering, scientists directly manipulate
genes.
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8.
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Plasmids are pieces of viral DNA that commonly infect human cells.
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9.
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DNA ligase can seal the sticky ends of a DNA fragment.
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10.
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Before a foreign gene is inserted into a plasmid, the plasmid is opened with a
restriction enzyme.
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11.
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Recombinant DNA is made when a DNA fragment is put into the DNA of a
vector.
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12.
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Restriction enzymes make a straight cut through both strands of DNA.
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13.
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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by their size and shape.
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14.
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In a Southern blot, the DNA from each bacterial colony is isolated and cut into
fragments by probes.
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15.
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Factor V3 is a protein that promotes blood clotting.
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16.
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Injection of a particular vaccine can cause the body to produce antibodies that
protect against the possibility of future infection by a particular pathogen.
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17.
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DNA fingerprinting enables genetic engineers to arrange genes in a particular
order on a chromosome.
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18.
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DNA fingerprint analysis can be used to determine whether two individuals are
related.
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19.
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RFLPs are pieces of DNA that are all the same length.
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20.
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If a crop is made glyphosate-resistant, treating it with glyphosate will
seriously reduce its yield.
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21.
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Despite the potential environmental benefits, genetic engineers have been unable
to develop crop plants that are resistant to weedkillers.
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22.
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Genetic engineering techniques can be used to make crops resistant to
destructive insects.
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23.
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Genetic engineers have developed a method of infecting cows with milk-producing
bacteria to increase the amount of milk produced by the cows.
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24.
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Dairy cattle will produce more milk when genetically engineered growth hormone
is added to their food.
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25.
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A transgenic animal is an animal with foreign DNA in its cells.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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26.
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A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from two different species is
called
a. | determinant RNA. | c. | plasmid DNA. | b. | recombinant DNA. | d. | restriction
RNA. |
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27.
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Which of the following procedures is not a usual step in a genetic
engineering experiment?
a. | inducing a mutation in a source chromosome | b. | cleaving DNA with a
restriction enzyme | c. | recombining pieces of DNA from different
species | d. | cloning and screening target cells |
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28.
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Genetic engineering refers to the process of
a. | creating new DNA molecules from nucleotide sequences. | b. | rearranging
nucleotides in a gene of an organism so that new traits appear in the development of an
embryo. | c. | moving genes from a chromosome of one organism to a chromosome of a different
organism. | d. | building a new species by combining genes of different
organisms. |
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29.
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Cohen and Boyer transferred a gene from a frog chromosome into the genetic
material of a
a. | different frog. | b. | different chromosome of the same
frog. | c. | virus taken from the same frog. | d. | bacterial cell. |
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30.
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The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria
a. | is impossible with current technology. | b. | causes the human genes to manufacture bacterial
proteins. | c. | results in the formation of a new species of organism. | d. | allows the bacteria
to produce human proteins. |
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31.
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Cloning is a process by which
a. | undesirable genes may be eliminated. | b. | many identical protein fragments are
produced. | c. | a virus and a bacterium may be fused into one. | d. | many identical cells
may be produced. |
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32.
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Plasmids
a. | are circular pieces of bacterial DNA. | b. | can replicate independently of the
organism’s main chromosome. | c. | are often used as vectors in genetic
engineering experiments. | d. | All of the
above |
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33.
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Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA molecules
a. | from two different species. | b. | from two chromosomes of the same
organism. | c. | with RNA molecules. | d. | with proteins from a different
species. |
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34.
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plasmid : DNA segment coding for an enzyme ::
a. | DNA ligase : double-stranded DNA | b. | vector : restriction enzyme | c. | cloned cell : DNA
ligase | d. | recombinant DNA : DNA from another organism |
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35.
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Restriction enzymes are specific in their action on
a. | DNA. | c. | proteins. | b. | amino acids. | d. | chromosomes. |
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36.
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Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific places
a. | have sticky ends. | b. | are restriction enzymes. | c. | work only on
bacterial DNA. | d. | always break the DNA between guanine and adenine. |
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37.
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After cloning bacteria that had been exposed to the recombinant DNA, Cohen and
Boyer added tetracycline to the culture in order to
a. | kill any contaminating viruses. | b. | kill cells that did not have the recombinant
DNA in their genomes. | c. | neutralize any frog genes that might
remain. | d. | make the bacterial cells multiply faster. |
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38.
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DNA fragments cut by a restriction can
a. | pair up and join with any other DNA fragments cut by the same restriction
enzyme. | b. | pair only with fragments formed by a complementary restriction
enzyme. | c. | combine with any other spliced chromosome. | d. | pair only with DNA
from the same species. |
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39.
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Radioactive or fluorescent-labeled RNA or single-stranded DNA pieces that are
complementary to the gene of interest and are used to confirm the presence of a cloned gene are
called
a. | probes. | c. | vaccines. | b. | plasmids. | d. | clones. |
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40.
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A technique that uses radioactively labeled DNA to identify specific genes in a
piece of DNA is called the
a. | Northern blot. | c. | Northern lights. | b. | Southern vector. | d. | Southern blot. |
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41.
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The goal of the Human Genome Project is to
a. | create maps showing where genes are located on human chromosomes. | b. | create maps showing
where chromosomes are located on human genes. | c. | treat patients with genetic
diseases. | d. | identify people with genetic diseases. |
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42.
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A medical condition that can be treated by using proteins produced through
genetic engineering is
a. | diabetes. | c. | hemophilia. | b. | ovarian cancer. | d. | All of the
above |
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43.
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genetic engineering : human health ::
a. | vaccine : anticoagulant | c. | anticoagulant :
hemophilia | b. | human insulin : diabetes patients | d. | diabetes :
insulin |
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44.
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factor VIII : hemophilia ::
a. | Factor VIII : diabetes | c. | blood factors : viruses | b. | growth hormone :
diabetes | d. | insulin :
diabetes |
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45.
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Antibodies
a. | prevent diseases caused by vaccines. | b. | are produced by bacteria that infect
animals. | c. | help destroy microbes that invade the body. | d. | cause viruses to
infect bacterial cells. |
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46.
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The risk associated with vaccines prepared by injecting killed or weakened
pathogenic microbes is that
a. | a few remaining live or unweakened microbes could still cause the
disease. | b. | the antibodies that result may not work. | c. | the vaccine protects
only against other diseases. | d. | None of the
above |
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47.
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DNA fingerprinting has been used in criminal investigations because
a. | criminals leave DNA samples behind them when they touch an object at a crime
scene. | b. | DNA analysis allows investigators to distinguish body cells of different individuals,
who are unlikely to have the same DNA. | c. | bacterial DNA on the hands of criminals may
provide a clue as to where that person was when the crime was committed. | d. | DNA found on murder
weapons is easy to identify. |
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48.
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A gene that codes for resistance to glyphosate has been added to the genome of
certain plants. These plants will
a. | produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them. | b. | die when exposed to
glyphosate. | c. | convert glyphosate to fertilizer. | d. | survive when glyphosate is sprayed on the
field. |
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49.
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Which of the following is not an example of gene technology used in
farming?
a. | the use of cow growth hormone produced by bacteria to increase milk production in
cows | b. | the development of larger and faster-growing breeds of livestock | c. | the cloning of human
brain cells from selected farm animals | d. | the addition of human genes to farm-animal
genes to obtain milk containing human proteins |
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50.
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Ian Wilmut’s cloning of Dolly in 1997 was considered a breakthrough in
genetic engineering because
a. | scientists thought cloning was impossible. | b. | scientists thought
only fetal cells could be used to produce clones. | c. | scientists had never before isolated mammary
cells. | d. | sheep had never responded well to gene technology
procedures. |
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