True/False Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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All vertebrates have backbones.
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2.
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Vertebrates have true coeloms and open circulatory systems.
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3.
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Jawless fishes were the first vertebrates to evolve.
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4.
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The first fishes to develop jaws were called spiny acanthodians.
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5.
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Sharks and rays have skeletons of bone.
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6.
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Lobe-finned fishes were the probable ancestors of amphibians.
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7.
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A fish’s gills would collapse on land.
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8.
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Amphibians were the first vertebrates to evolve lungs for gas exchange.
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9.
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Because of their aquatic nature, frogs and fishes have the same kinds of
hearts.
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10.
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The Jurassic period is often referred to as “the golden age of
dinosaurs.”
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11.
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Animals whose body temperature is largely determined by the environment are
called endothermic.
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12.
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Though most dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago, a few species still
live in remote areas.
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13.
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Mammals have been the dominant land animals on Earth for over 500 million
years.
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14.
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Some skeletons of fossil birds have teeth.
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15.
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Modern birds have teeth.
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16.
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All primates have grasping hands.
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17.
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Opposable thumbs are characteristic of monkeys.
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18.
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Depth perception is a characteristic of most primates.
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19.
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Human hemoglobin differs from chimpanzee hemoglobin by 287 amino acids.
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20.
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The arms of a gorilla are longer than its legs.
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21.
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An australopithecine’s skeleton reveals that it walked on four
legs.
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22.
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Homo habilis had a larger brain than Homo erectus.
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23.
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Scientists think that early Homo sapiens probably used language.
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24.
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According to some scientists, Neanderthals are members of the species Homo
sapiens.
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25.
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Neanderthals had slightly larger brains, on average, than modern humans
have.
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Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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26.
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The backbone of vertebrates provides support and protects the
a. | ventral nerve cord. | c. | dorsal nerve cord. | b. | vertebrae. | d. | heart. |
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27.
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The internal skeleton of vertebrates
a. | allows vertebrates to grow larger than invertebrates. | b. | plays an important
role in the digestive system. | c. | allows vertebrates to carry out asexual
reproduction. | d. | plays an important role in mate selection. |
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28.
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The first fishes to appear in the seas were members of the class
a. | ostracoderms. | c. | placoderms. | b. | sharks. | d. | agnathans. |
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29.
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The word agnathan means
a. | “bony fish.” | c. | “without vertebral
column.” | b. | “without jaws.” | d. | “fish with paired fins.” |
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30.
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The earliest jawed fishes were the
a. | acanthodians. | c. | sharks. | b. | agnathans. | d. | placoderms. |
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31.
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The earliest known land vertebrate
a. | was a coelacanth. | c. | lacked bones in its legs. | b. | was an
amphibian. | d. | was a
now-extinct reptile. |
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32.
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All of the following evolved from early reptiles except
a. | fishes. | c. | dinosaurs. | b. | birds. | d. | mammals. |
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33.
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Therapsids replaced amphibians as the dominant vertebrate form by the end of
the
a. | Permian. | c. | Cretaceous. | b. | Pennsylvanian. | d. | Devonian. |
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34.
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Dinosaurs dominated over all other land vertebrates for approximately
a. | 1.5 million years. | c. | 150 million years. | b. | 15 million years. | d. | 1,500 million
years. |
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35.
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Dinosaurs were more successful than their competitors, the codonts, because
dinosaurs were
a. | larger. | c. | smaller. | b. | faster. | d. | slower. |
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36.
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Ectothermic animals
a. | produce enough heat to warm their bodies. | b. | are found among
mammals. | c. | absorb heat from their environment. | d. | are characterized by the presence of
feathers. |
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37.
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Mammals arose from early reptiles called
a. | thecodonts. | c. | therapsids. | b. | theropods. | d. | tuataras. |
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38.
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Mammals reached their maximal diversity during the
a. | Jurassic period. | c. | Triassic period. | b. | Permian period. | d. | Tertiary
period. |
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39.
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The most widely accepted hypothesis to explain the mass extinction of dinosaurs
proposes
a. | a massive volcanic eruption. | b. | sunspots that disrupted Earth’s
weather. | c. | that Earth cooled in an ice age 120 million years ago. | d. | that Earth was
struck by a meteorite or an asteroid that caused thick dust clouds. |
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40.
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Two distinctive features of all primates are
a. | binocular vision and grasping hands. | b. | grasping hands and feet. | c. | binocular vision and
a large skull. | d. | large eye sockets and binocular vision. |
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41.
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Monkeys are different from prosimians in that monkeys
a. | have opposable thumbs. | c. | have binocular vision. | b. | live in
trees. | d. | come out only at
night. |
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42.
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Since DNA sequences in humans and chimpanzees are very similar,
a. | humans must have evolved from chimpanzees. | b. | chimpanzees must
have single-stranded DNA. | c. | humans and chimpanzees must have a recent
common ancestor. | d. | humans and chimpanzees are the same species. |
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43.
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Refer to the illustration above. Diagram 2 probably shows the skeleton of
a
a. | chimpanzee. | c. | bonobo. | b. | gorilla. | d. | hominid. |
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44.
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Homo habilis
a. | had a larger brain than that of Australopithecus. | b. | used stone
tools. | c. | walked upright | d. | All of the
above |
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45.
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The first member of the genus Homo was
a. | Homo sapiens. | c. | Homo habilis. | b. | Homo erectus. | d. | Homo
hominid. |
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46.
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Homo erectus
a. | had a large brain. | c. | was larger than Homo habilis. | b. | walked
upright. | d. | All of the
above |
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47.
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Hunting large animals, using fire, and making stone and bone tools are
associated with
a. | Homo habilis. | c. | Sahelanthropus. | b. | Australopithecus
africanus. | d. | Homo
erectus. |
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48.
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Fossils of Homo erectus have been found in
a. | Africa. | c. | Java. | b. | China. | d. | All of the
above |
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49.
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Homo erectus was probably the direct ancestor of
a. | Homo habilis. | c. | Homo sapiens. | b. | Australopithecus. | d. | the genus
Homo. |
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50.
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The Neanderthals are noted for
a. | burying their dead. | b. | using weapons. | c. | having a slightly
larger brain size than modern humans. | d. | All of the
above |
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